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There actually are systems in place for this. However, if the dutch chose to not host their own cloud service, made by a tech giant, thats on bloody them haha. This is perfectly possible to do if youre a government.
And dont get me wrong btw, i believe every government should host their own cloud service because being reliant on an international company to do your hosting ( besides the software ) is baaaaaad
20 years ago there was no talks of anything digital, let alone cloud. Hell, most of the population didnt have a computer that was connected to the internet yet. At BEST some countries had e-id’s ( like myself ) and some company cards had a chip ( like debit cards ). You might want to recheck history.